The Collective Ijtihad- Importance, Principles and Manifestation

اجتماعی اجتہاد ضرورت و اہمیت۔اصول ومظاہر

Abstract

Collective Ijtihad is the process of deriving Islamic legal rulings through the collaboration of qualified scholars, allowing for comprehensive and balanced responses to modern challenges. Its importance lies in addressing complex, multifaceted issues—such as medical ethics, technology, and finance—that require diverse expertise and avoid the limitations of individual Ijtihad. By involving multiple scholars, collective Ijtihad produces more credible and widely accepted rulings. The principles guiding collective Ijtihad include ensuring that participants are well-versed in Islamic jurisprudence, striving for consensus (Ijma) among scholars, and ensuring that rulings are contextually relevant while aligned with the core objectives of Sharia (Maqasid al-Sharia). Additionally, experts from relevant modern fields, like medicine and economics, often contribute to these discussions to provide specialized insights. Manifestation of collective Ijtihad is evident in the work of institutions like the International Islamic Fiqh Academy and the European Council for Fatwa and Research, where scholars from different disciplines collaborate to address contemporary issues such as Islamic finance and organ transplantation. This method enhances the relevance and flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence while preserving its foundational principles. In summary, collective Ijtihad ensures that Islamic law evolves to meet modern needs through a collaborative and inclusive approach, maintaining legitimacy and contextual relevance.

Keywords; collective ijtihad; contemporary issues; Islamic fiqh academies