Shnakhat

اشفاق احمد : افسانوی کردار نگاری کی کرشمہ سازیاں مرکزی اور ضمنی کرداروں کا نفسیاتی ، ساختیاتی ، اسلوبیاتی ،تجزیاتی تنقیدی مطالعہ

2024-12-30T15:08:35+02:00

In the history of Urdu language and Literature , numerous great fiction writers have their own distinct identity , whose masterpieces have decorated the adorned of urdu literature with the dazzling light of eternal story characters. Characters are indispensable in fictional literature , be it any genre of urdu fiction , narrative, novel , darama, myth Masnavi or any other form of a literature . Wherever we find another story , there will be people, such a literature in which we are interested in the pace o evevnts. It is also related to the overall impression of the person,s behaviour and mood. Some important writers of Urdu pay special attention to the meaning and nature of the characters in their fiction . All other points are connected to this important point, so they consider it important to know the literal and terminological meaning of the character. While searching , we cannot forget that this word with its technique is borrowed from the concepts and terminology of the west. In this Article , the great use of imagination is seen in the fictional literature of Ashfaq Ahmad , the famous writer, advocate o Sufi thought. He has used personal experiences in social life an full of creative and imaginative abilities for innovation in his main secondary characters. And he has shown complete mastery in using Burmehal which makes him reliable in Urdu epic literature. In the fictions of Ashfaq ahmed there is a reasoned account of the flight of imagination to unveil the characters. In this article, Ashfaq ahmed ,s best efforts have been taken into account through the critical stylistic and structural analysis of various eminent and enduring characters, shedding light on his unique creative and critical invaluable insights.

Key words: Distinct identity, decorated , adorned, fictional, genre, narrative, myth, terminological , technique, borrowed, advocate, sui thought, imaginative abilities, mastery, epic, unveil, stylistic, structural, analysis, eminent, enduring, shedding , invaluable

Depiction of Values in the Animated Movies The Lion King and Rio 2: A Positive Discourse Analysis

2024-12-17T14:24:38+02:00

This study aims to explore the depiction of positive values in the selected English movies The Lion King and Rio 2 through the lens of positive discourse analysis. The researcher seeks to identify the discursive strategies employed to convey positive values such as leadership, responsibility, family, unity, friendship, and collaboration in selected animated movies. The research addresses a gap in understanding the power of positive messaging and; provides insights into its impact on viewers. This study adopts a qualitative research approach, utilizing positive discourse analysis and the discursive value theory by Reisigl and Wodak (2005). The results show that animated movies such as The Lion King and Rio 2 play a crucial role in presenting positive values regardless of cultural differences. This focus on positive discourse analysis demonstrates how these animations encourage audiences to think positively, adopt positive behaviors, and act with positivity. This research underscores the potential of using positive messaging in media to foster a more optimistic and virtuous society.

Keywords: Positive values, positive discourse analysis, discursive Strategies

The Concept of Justice in Islam: An Analytical Study of the Theoretical and Practical Aspects

2024-12-08T14:59:21+02:00

Justice (Adalah) holds a fundamental place in Islam as a core principle of moral and social governance. This article explores the concept of justice in Islam, both from a theoretical and practical perspective. It delves into the definition of justice as derived from the Qur'an and Hadith, highlighting its significance in ensuring equality, fairness, and social harmony. The theoretical aspect of justice is examined through Islamic teachings, which emphasize the need for impartiality and the protection of rights for all individuals, regardless of race, gender, or social status. Additionally, the article explores the practical applications of justice within Islamic jurisprudence, focusing on the implementation of Islamic laws and the role of Islamic courts in ensuring fairness. The historical examples of justice in early Islamic society, particularly during the Caliphate of the Rashidun, provide insights into how justice was effectively practiced. The article also examines the contemporary relevance of justice in the Islamic world, analyzing modern-day challenges and how Islamic principles of justice can be applied to contemporary issues, such as human rights, economic justice, and social equity. This study emphasizes the importance of upholding justice in both theory and practice as essential to maintaining the moral and social fabric of society. The article concludes with a call for continued research and reflection on how the principles of Islamic justice can be applied in today’s world, fostering greater peace and social harmony.

Keywords: Justice in Islam, Adalah, Islamic jurisprudence, Qur'an, Hadith, social harmony, equality, fairness, Islamic law, human rights.

“Iqbal and Pakistanism” ( In the light of Iqbal's Essays and Letters)

2024-12-05T07:31:36+02:00

This article examines Allama Iqbal's philosophy of "Pakistaniyat" (Pakistani nationalism) as articulated through his poetry, essays, and letters. Iqbal, a poet, thinker, and political leader, was a pioneer in advocating the Two-Nation Theory, which became the ideological foundation for Pakistan's creation. Initially an advocate for Hindu-Muslim unity to resist British colonialism, Iqbal soon recognized the irreconcilable cultural and religious differences between the two communities. This realization led to his historic 1930 Allahabad address, where he proposed a separate homeland for Muslims rooted in Islamic principles. Iqbal's vision of Pakistaniyat emphasized unity, identity, and moral development, contrasting with Western notions of nationalism based on geography or ethnicity. His correspondence, particularly with leaders like Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, demonstrated his political insight and determination to mobilize Muslims for a sovereign state. Iqbal not only envisioned Pakistan as a welfare state committed to Islamic values and social justice but also played a pivotal role in shaping the ideology that guided its creation. The article underscores the enduring relevance of Iqbal's philosophy, urging Pakistanis to safeguard their national identity, strengthen societal values, and actively contribute to the nation's development. It calls for aligning intellectual and cultural endeavors with Iqbal’s ideals of unity, self-awareness, and national pride to transform Pakistan into a progressive Islamic welfare state. Iqbal’s dream demands a collective effort to realize the nation’s potential and join the ranks of developed countries through an unwavering commitment to its Islamic and moral foundations.

Keywords: Allama Iqbal, Pakistaniyat, Two-Nation Theory, Islamic principles, nationalism, Pakistan Movement, Allahabad Address 1930, Muslim identity, Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Welfare state, National Unity, Social Justice

Maulana Rum's Allegorical Story "The Merchant and the Parrot"

2024-12-04T17:03:17+02:00

This article contains a discussion about the interpretation of a well-known story "The Merchant and the Parrot" narrated in the first volume of the famous book Masnavi-e-Manavi by Maulana Jalaluddin Muhammad Balkhi Rumi. Rumi has been able to describe his mystical colors and mystic ideas in the best way in this story. In this story، Rumi has not only clarified many precise mystical points but also explained many important literary concepts. This story also reflects Rumi's worldly orientation and educational ideas. Rumi interprets the stories in his Masnavi in a unique way. Irrespective of the subject matter and content, he imparts academic, mystical and enlightening meaning to these stories. He observes the actions of the characters and pay attention to their details. In some cases, the story becomes so complicated with some illustrative facts that it becomes difficult for the general public to understand its demands. This is the reason why in this article an attempt has been made to understand the above story in a mystical way.

Key words: Maulana, Rumi, Masnavi, Parrot, Merchant, Mystical, Allegory

کلامِ غالب قرآنی واقعات کے تناظر میں

2024-12-21T16:03:02+02:00

Mirza Ghalib's poetry is an invaluable treasure of Urdu and Persian literature, renowned for its intellectual depth and philosophical insight. Among the many facets of Ghalib's personality, his religious and spiritual poetry holds a unique place, reflecting the profound influence of Quranic themes, Islamic thought, and Sufi elements. His works vividly exhibit the semantic depth of Quranic verses and stylistic impacts, highlighting his expansive intellect and deep religious awareness.In both Urdu and Persian, Ghalib’s poetry offers profound reflections on theological themes. His Persian poetry presents his Sufi philosophy, monotheism, and the relationship between the Creator and humankind in a philosophical framework. Similarly, his Urdu verses also resonate with these themes in distinctive ways. Ghalib’s poetry not only prominently features Quranic metaphors, creative applications of Quranic verses, and elements of religious ethics, but it also explores topics such as human limitations, the vastness of the universe, and the absoluteness of God from a philosophical perspective inspired by the Quran.This research provides an analytical exploration of Mirza Ghalib's Urdu and Persian poetry through the lens of Quranic thought. It sheds light on aspects of his work influenced by Islamic teachings and Quranic philosophy. The article examines Ghalib’s religious inclinations as expressed in his verses, covering themes like faith, reliance on God, divine knowledge, and the human quest for self-realization. Additionally, it delves into the abstract portrayal of religious experiences and the aesthetic dimensions of Quranic style in Ghalib's poetry.This article will serve as a significant reference for students and researchers of literature, religion, and philosophy, enabling them to better understand Ghalib’s poetry within the context of Quranic thought and appreciate the intellectual profundity of his work.

Keywords: Invaluable treasure, intellectual depth, spiritual poetry, theological themes, distinctive ways, analytical exploration , researchers , appreciate , intellectual profundity.

Public Health Ethics In the Light Of Quran and Sunnah صحت عامہ كی اخلاقیات قرآن وسنت كی روشنی میں

2024-12-16T05:52:27+02:00

A healthy society can be said to be a society whose people are physically healthy and they are mentally, socially, ideologically and intellectually well-rounded. Our religion gives us guidance in every sphere of life, it urges us on a comprehensive social and social reform so that the society remains moderate. If we look at the principles and rules of public health ethics, the most basic thing is that the people should have access to equal health facilities with full justice and public health measures and decisions should be transparent. Moreover, public health measures should be in accordance with modern requirements and be sure to be effective. Respecting the autonomy of individuals, culture and personal preferences of individuals should be kept in mind while taking these measures. The most important thing to make these steps useful is sincerity of intention i.e. without self-purification it cannot be fruitful. As stated in Surah Al-Jamaa that” It is He Who has sent among the unlettered a Messenger from themselves reciting to them his verses and purifying them the Book and wisdom-although they were before in clear error”[Al-Qur'an, Surah al-Jum'a:62:2]. Purification in the light of the teachings of the Quran and Sunnah means that the individual and collective life of a Muslim is freed from all kinds of intellectual and practical luxuries. Who is. And the Caliphs during their caliphate implemented the ethics of public health sincerely and practically, the complete details of which, God willing, we will present in our complete article.

Keywords: Health, Muslim, Guidance, Social, Ethics

Archetypal Dimensions of the Supernatural: A Review of the Universal Symbols Found in Shakespeare’s Tragedies

2024-12-07T06:08:51+02:00

This study examines the utilisation of supernatural motifs within Shakespearean tragedies, seeking to uncover the overarching significance of these symbols while also exploring their psychological and cultural implications. The phenomena of ghosts, witches, and prophecies are regarded as manifestations of the supernatural, which the framework of Archetypal Criticism, as developed by Carl Jung and Northrop Frye, seeks to analyse and elucidate. The elements are examined through the lens of Jung’s notion of race memories of archetypal patterns, wherein the features analysed pertain to a collective level that transcends cultures and time, thereby embodying profound universal themes of human existence, encompassing fear, desire, and struggle. This paper seeks to examine the influence of supernatural objects as they relate to archetypes, focussing on how these motifs shape characters' behaviours and the ensuing tragedies in Hamlet and Macbeth. It further examines the cultural and mythological contexts in which these archetypes operate, aiming to offer a nuanced interpretation of their relevance. Microanalysis and qualitative approaches have been employed to comprehend the intricate applications of the supernatural, serving to illuminate Shakespeare’s investigation of the human experience.

Keywords: Archetypal Criticism, Carl Jung, Northrop Frye, Shakespearean Tragedies, Supernatural Elements, Universal Symbols, Ghosts, Witches, Prophecies.

Post-Divorce Maintenance (Mata-At Talaq) and Women Empowerment in Bangladesh

2024-12-05T07:12:02+02:00

Maintenance is the main responsibility of man in the Quran. He has to provide the basic necessities of life to women. After marriage, it is obligatory for a man to feed his family. The wife and children should not suffer. If there is a clash between husband and wife and they cannot fulfill the responsibilities of marriage then Islam allows divorce (separation). The divorced woman needs maintenance. There is no conflict about maintenance during marriage but this is a great cause of contradiction and discussion after iddah period. This concept is known as ‘Post-divorce Maintenance’ or ‘Mata at talaq’. Post-divorce maintenance is the established concept in the Quran, Hadith, and Fiqh of the classic and present-day ulema. Muslim countries have their laws regarding the maintenance of women. The present research has a special focus on Bangladesh. The main purpose of this research is to examine how post-divorce maintenance is used as an alternative to the empowerment of Muslim women in Bangladesh. However, there is no legal provision in Bangladesh’s judicial system. The study explores the empowerment of women after divorce through maintenance after iddah. It is concluded that all the countries should opt for the system of post-divorce maintenance to empower women.

Keywords: Post-divorce Maintenance, woman, empowerment, Iddah, Bangladesh

The Agony of Migration and Partition : A Travelogue from Skardu to Kargil

2024-11-23T07:17:29+02:00

Ghulam Hasan Hasani was born in the beautiful valley of Gilgit-Baltistan in the mid-20th century. Growing up amidst life's challenges, he developed a resilient nature.Hasani's father was a man of beautiful temperament, influencing his literary taste. Due to poverty, Hasani left his ancestral village with his father, migrating to Skardu and later to Lahore. In Lahore, Hasani continued his education and benefited from renowned poets Mohsin Naqvi and Sagar Siddiqui. His numerous creations are worthy of PhD-level research.His notable travelogue, "Safarnama Skardu to Kargil," showcases Balti civilization and heritage, holding historical, literary, and cultural significance.Fellow poet Jamshed Dukhi described Hasani's significance: "Literature's caravan wouldn't have weighed much in Skardu if Hasani weren't there."Hasani's travelogue stands out for its portrayal of Gilgit-Baltistan's customs, traditions, and history.There is a need to introduce Hasani as a poet, researcher, critic, travelogue writer, and short story writer to familiarize the Urdu world with his persona and Gilgit-Baltistan's history and culture.

Key words:- Twists and Turns, Civilization and Culture, Silk Necklace, Customs, Emotional ,xtremes, Farewell

“Nazir Akbarabadi's Poetry, Pioneer of Indian Civilization and Culture”

2024-10-26T16:46:39+03:00

Urdu language is originated from old Hindustani languages. Because every civilisation has strong historical, social, geographical and physiological elements which creates strong bonding among themselves. Hindu civilisation and its culture contain these properties from the very beginnings. In this Nazeer's poetry is the history of perspective, when literature is the reflection of pure Hindu nationalism. Nazeer Akbar abadi had great love for hindustan that’s why his fictions showed great patriotism for each and every single particle of hindustani soil. Nazeer Akbar abadi has described in his poetry prosperity vision, cultural life and Ganga Gamti civilisation. He had great vision and love for his nation irrespective of any religious afflictions. He wrote a lot of poems about Muslim and Hindu culture religious events like “Eid, Shab-e-barat, Diwali, Holi” in an enthusiastically. Nazeer was a pure hindustani poet who always had deep association with multicultural and social norms existed in Hindustan. He tried to describe common events with great affection and got input for his poetry from such events. He was a great advocate of Hindu Muslim unity and common Hindustani civilisation. In this article we will describe the poetry of Nazeer Akbar abadi in respect of Hindu culture and civilisation.

Keywords-“Nazir Akbarabadi's Poetry, Pioneer of Indian Civilization and Culture”

Faridoon Babu, a Gothic Romance; Adapting Frankenstein by Mary Shelley into Pakistani Setting

2024-10-26T16:47:19+03:00

The research aims to look into the universality of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein. Gothic literature, sometimes known as Gothic fright, is a vague style of writing that evokes dread and eerie feelings. The term alludes to the Gothic architecture prevalent in early Gothic fiction settings throughout the European Middle Ages. Frankenstein was a story written and set in 1818, whereas, Faridoon Babu is set in 1960. This adaptation of a British story set in Pakistan explores the cultural transition and historical impact of the location on characters, events, psychology, social and religious beliefs, and aesthetics. The genre shifts from Gothic Science Fiction in Frankenstein to Gothic Romantic Narrative in Faridoon Babu. The research explores human emotions such as pain, vengeance, love, empathy, ambition, and creativity, with varying implications between the two locations. The study encourages academics to share stories from their home regions to preserve and introduce their history to the global community.

Keywords: Gothic, adaptation, Frankenstein, Pakistan, Romance

The Rules of Objective Ijtihad "In the Context of the Opinions of Contemporary Arab Scholars"

2024-11-04T18:13:08+02:00

"This study delves into the principles of Maqasid-based Ijtihad (ضوابط الاجتہاد المقاصدي), a pivotal topic in the field of Maqasid al-Shariah (Objectives of Islamic Law). The research underscores the significance of applying these principles systematically, not only within juristic reasoning and Ijtihad but also in advancing Maqasid-centered education and thought.By establishing a clear framework, the study aims to equip scholars (mujtahids or fuqaha) with the necessary tools to minimize errors and mitigate risks associated with Maqasid-driven interpretations. Furthermore, the criteria developed within this research provide a basis for evaluating the legitimacy of juristic actions, particularly where Maqasid al-Shariah is integral to deducing Shariah rulings and guiding decision-making. This framework ultimately aspires to ensure that Maqasid-based applications are both methodical and faithfully aligned with the overarching objectives of Shariah, thereby fostering balanced and well-grounded jurisprudential reasoning. In doing so, it enhances the depth of Islamic jurisprudence by offering a structured approach that bridges classical and contemporary issues, providing solutions rooted in the timeless values of Shariah. This study not only contributes to the discipline of Islamic law but also invites further discourse on Maqasid-based methodologies, highlighting their relevance in today’s dynamic socio-legal landscape."

Keywords: Principles, Objectives, Islamic Law, Legitimacy, Juristic, Integral, Foundation, Balanced, Jurisprudential, Reasoning.

Lexicography in the Modern Era and General Arabic-Urdu Dictionaries

2024-11-04T17:55:35+02:00

The linguistic heritage of certain nations and civilizations, such as the Chinese, Indians, and Arabs, attests to their profound and enduring interest in the preservation and study of their languages. A significant dimension of this interest is reflected in their contributions to lexicography. Among the Arabs, the practice of compiling dictionaries began as early as the first century AH, gradually evolving over subsequent centuries across various regions of the Islamic world, including the Indian subcontinent. While lexicographers in this region have long been engaged in the production of single-language dictionaries, the development of bilingual dictionaries, specifically between Arabic and Urdu, is a more recent phenomenon. Nevertheless, the lexicographers of the subcontinent have produced a considerable number of both general and specialized dictionaries. This research aims to offer a detailed presentation and description of the general Arabic-Urdu dictionaries, excluding translations and electronic dictionaries. It will examine key lexicographical elements such as the type and source of the vocabulary, the organization of roots or words, the arrangement of entries, and the methods of explanation, among other defining features. By doing so, the study seeks to provide a foundational analysis that can serve as a starting point for future in-depth investigations into each dictionary, examining them in the context of modern advancements and technologies in the field of lexicography. Furthermore, it is hoped that this research will inspire the development of both traditional paper and electronic dictionaries that meet the demands of the rapidly evolving contemporary era. The methodology adopted is primarily descriptive, as it is considered the most suitable approach for effectively presenting the core aspects of this type of study.

Keywords: Lexicography, Applied Linguistics, General Dictionaries between Arabic and Urdu, Comparison between Arabic and Urdu

Two Names of Transcendentalism and Modernity in Urdu Short Story: Ahmed Hamish and Anwar Qamar

2024-11-05T17:28:51+02:00

Ahmed Hamish was born on July 1, 1940 in Banspar, a small village in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh, India. In 1962, one of his poems was published in Nusrat, a journal edited by Hanif Ramay. He claimed about this poem that it is the first prose poem in Urdu.After moving to Karachi in the early seventies, he was associated with the Hindi service of Radio Pakistan Karachi for some time. At the same time, when prose poetry took shape under the leadership of Qamar Jameel, Ahmed Hamish was one of its pioneers. However, before that he had established himself as an abstract fiction writer and his first collection of fiction “Mukhi” was published in India in 1968 and created a sensation. Thirty years later, in 1998, his second collection of fiction was published under the name “Kahani Mujhy Lakhti Hai” Anwar Qamar was introduced to the literary world as a story writer in the seventeenth year of the twentieth century and in the twenty-ninth year of his age. His first fiction titled “Nirwan” was published in the magazine “Tehreek” in 1970. Eight years later, his first fictional collection “Chandni Ke Supard” was published in 1978. After that, three more stories collections were published till 2008, “Chopal Mein Suna Howa Qissa” in 1984, “Color Blind” in 1990 and “Jhaaz Par Kiya Howa” in 2008. These four collections include about 60 stories. The thematic diversity provides proof of the author's power of observation, maturity and intellectual maturity. In the fictions of Anwar Qamar, the diverse and multiple forms of human life reflect the differences of age, gender and social background and the demands associated with this difference. This article based on the Transcendentalism and Modernity in the above two major fiction writers.

Intersectional Identity: Bhabha’s Ambivalent Creative Zone in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentali

2024-11-17T18:34:13+02:00

The research aims to explore the formation of intersectional identity as collective identity that Hamid creates. The objective of this research is to understand Pakistani-Muslims as equally human as those beyond its borders. It allows the fraction under consideration to be interconnected as represented by the intersectional identity obtainable by ambivalent creative zone of hybridity. This research is important in the field of South-Asian literature as it looks at the ways in which borders physical or metaphoric affect identity construction through politics of labelling. The concept of ambivalent creative zone from Bhabha highlights the development and impact of intersectional identities in representation of Pakistani-Muslims in and across borders. This research will set the pace for viewing Hamid’s work as a creative space which is beyond limits set by culture, place, and stereotypes; offering itself as a ground for the construction of intersectional identities that have the capacity to co-xist.

Keywords: Intersectional, representation, interconnected, ambivalence, co-existence.

Dispelling the Notion of West: A Parallel Study of Exit West and Meem Mashriq, Meem Maghrib

2024-11-18T05:57:50+02:00

Art in any form be it fiction or painting encapsulates the nuances of the socio-political aspects of the era in which it is produced. Every art form presents semblance in few of the themes, despite using different mediums but there lies a commonality among them. The present paper is an attempt to draw a commonality of themes in Pakistani art. A parallel study has been done of Exit West and collection of painting Meem Mashriq, Meem Maghrib. Both forms of art enumerate a contemporary socio-political concern of the world i.e diaspora. Therefore, through a parallel study, the aspects of diaspora are explored. For this, the approach of diasporic criticism by Sudesh Mishra is employed. Mohsin Hamid has raised the problems of the migrants by presenting a trajectory of events from the beginning of the conflict to the migration and returning to homeland. Laila Rehman also captures the problems through an intricate colour scheme of red, black and blue in her paintings. Migrants despite being part of the host land receive few of the fundamental rights but are unable to resonate with the social fabric of that state. Although, the current trend is to migrate from East towards West, Hamid and Rehman emphasize on the hollowness of West. Thus, the sense of belonging to homeland prevails in both the works by dispelling the notion of West.

Keywords: Dispelling, Sense of loss, diaspora, trauma