Pak-Iran Convergence and Divergence of Interests During 2005-2015

Abstract

This study explores the complex relationship between Pakistan and Iran from 2005 to 2015. This study will give particular attention to both countries political and economic aspects. Aims of the research are to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics that shaped the bilateral relations between these two important players in the Middle East and South Asia. Special focus will to review of economic agreements, diplomatic ties, and geopolitical developments. The relationship between Pakistan and Iran fluctuated over the designated period, changing from times of collaboration to times of confrontation. The bilateral ties were greatly influenced by political factors, such as tensions about regional security, terrorism led by “Jundulah” and power politics of outside players. Notable changes occurred in the two countries' economic interactions, trade agreements, energy cooperation, infrastructure projects, investment efforts, and more. This study also looks at how political and economic variables interact to explain the major forces that have shaped Pakistan-Iran relations throughout time. It offers insights into the details of interstate interactions in a turbulent geopolitical context by analyzing the effects of internal politics, regional dynamics, and global trends on the bilateral engagement.  In the end, this study adds to the body of knowledge on international relations by providing insightful information on the complex relationships between both states with different political and economic agendas, i.e., Pakistan was close with US while Iran was not. It emphasizes how crucial it is to comprehend the complicated interplay between diplomatic connections and geopolitical complexity, especially in areas of strategic importance.

Keywords: Pakistan, Iran, Bilateral Relations, Political Dynamics, Economic Cooperation, Geopolitics, Regional Security, Diplomatic Engagement