The Role of Civil Society in Public Policy Formulation in Pakistan

Abstract

The role and importance of civil society organizations (CSOs) in influencing policy-making is a vast area of study which has been proposed in this research paper for consideration in relation to Pakistan. This paper aims to assess the development of civil society in enhancing the process through which policies are made in the country, with a given focus on a specific country. It also presents an origin, growth, and the evolution of civil society in the region with highlights of significant eras that have contributed towards its formation as an interface between the government and the governed. It then analyzes the different ways that CSOs interact with the state, by influencing legislation, by conducting advocacy campaigns, analysis of research data and policy opinions and through membership in consultative bodies. Some policy areas where civil society has played influence are reviewed through case studies focused specifically on civil liberties, education, health and the environment. These examples expose how CSOs have maneuvered when seeking to shape policy which include; forging alliances, mobilizing community support as well as intervention from the international organisations. It also discusses some of the limitations of civil society in the participation and development of policies in Pakistan. These are regulatory issues, lack of adequate funds for funding projects, political instabilities, sometimes hostile government performers to democracy and democracy activists. A careful analysis of these barriers is made and their impact on ability of CSOs to work effectively and sustainably. Moreover, the article analyses CS dependency on and engagement with other strategic actors involved in policymaking process like political parties, media and international organisations. Thus, there is a need for everyone and, especially, different political forces to create partnerships and cooperate in order to attain the policy goals which would be as far as possible tailored to the interests of the community. Overall, this article seeks to affirm and substantiate the important part played by CSOs in consolidating democracy and accountability. Here, it offers policy implications that seek to support civil society endeavors as essential players in augmenting policy outcomes. Such recommendations include changing the regulatory environment, capacity development, and engagement and support for public discussion.

Keywords: Civil Society, Public Policy, Mobilizing Community, Capacity Development